Pietenpol-List: laminating struts and tv

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Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: Ryan Mueller
Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Sky Scout...This is a multi-part message in MIME format.________________________________________________________________________________Date: Tue, 23 Feb 2010 15:22:07 -0600Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv
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Pietenpol-List: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: "Jack Phillips"
I had an expert woodworker look at my wooden struts (which are laminated)and he couldn't understand why I laminated them at all. He made the verygood point that just the wood without the ply center would be stronger, andhe's right. I guess the best reason for laminating is to reduce thepossibility of a hidden flaw in one piece of wood. and it does kinda lookcool.Haven't had TV for ten years and wouldn't take it back for a milliondollars!! Not only is it the biggest time waster ever invented, itgradually and subtly forms and changes one's thinking to fall in line withwhatever world view is popular at the moment. I'd like to think for myself,thank you very much!Sorry for the rant.Douwe________________________________________________________________________________
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RE: Pietenpol-List: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com
Laminations also greatly reduce the possibility of a split. Cracks don'tpropogate across the glue line.Jack PhillipsNX899JPRaleigh, NC-----Original Message-----
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Re: Pietenpol-List: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: "David Paule"
As a structural engineer, I've wondered why people are placing plywood in the center of the laminated wood struts. The reasons that I have thought of are:a. You can make the bolt holes stronger. But good fitting design makes that unnecessary.b. The plywood cross-grain will help prevent the wood from splitting. But a laminated strut, with good fitting design, should be pretty robust in that regard all by itself.Can anyone explain the plywood to me?Thanks!David PauleP.S. I second Douwe's TV comment.... I don't miss TV.> >> I had an expert woodworker look at my wooden struts (which are laminated)> and he couldn't understand why I laminated them at all. He made the very> good point that just the wood without the ply center would be stronger, > and> he's right. I guess the best reason for laminating is to reduce the> possibility of a hidden flaw in one piece of wood. and it does kinda look> cool.>> Haven't had TV for ten years and wouldn't take it back for a million> dollars!! Not only is it the biggest time waster ever invented, it> gradually and subtly forms and changes one's thinking to fall in line with> whatever world view is popular at the moment. I'd like to think for > myself,> thank you very much!>> Sorry for the rant.>> Douwe>>> ________________________________________________________________________________
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Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: "airlion"
I have read somewhere, recently and I can't find the link, dang it, that Plastic Resin glue loses strength after repeated changes of humidity. It might have been that Advisory Circular about maintaining old aircraft.Might check into that.Of the glues mentioned, I'd choose either the Resorcinol or the T-88. The T-88 isn't hurt by using lots of clampping pressure, FYI, and the Resorcinol requires that.David Paule----- Original Message -----
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Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: Michael Perez
There was a test in "Fine Woodworking" a couple years back that included T-88 joints clamped tightly.Excellent results.David Paule ----- Original Message -----
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Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: "Ray Krause"
Ray,FYI...3/4" is an acceptable dimension for spars. GarySent from my Verizon Wireless BlackBerry-----Original Message-----
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Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: shad bell
Dan, if you can substantiate your comment below, please do so. Ryan, I found the article in "Fine Woodworking," August '07, page 37.Their testing was of a tight fit joint, a snug fit joint and a loose fit joint. They tested Maple, Oak and Ipe, none of them being woods we'd customarily use in aircraft structures. The joint design they tested not only didn't lend itself to calculating the shear strength of the glue, they didn't give enough information to make that possible. The data are only suitable for comparing one fit and one type of wood to another. With that in mind, the comparison is worth considering, especially for the difference of strength with the different fits. I want to emphasize that the strengths given in the article are not psi, and that they can't be compared to the 1,800 psi lap shear strength of T-88 with maple on the PDF sheet that Ryan referenced.Their data for T-88 with Maple is:Tight joint, 1,690 pounds,Snug joint, 1,680 pounds,Loose joint, 1,635 pounds.Their T-88 data for Oak is:Tight joint, 1,908 pounds,Snug joint, 1,832 pounds,Loose joint, 1,557 pounds.Their T-88 data for Ipe is:Tight joint, 2,425 pounds,Snug joint, 2,712 pounds,Loose joint, 2,503 pounds.They also tested Titebond III and got roughly the same values. Other glues that they tested were Elmer's Carpenter's Glue, Gorilla Glue, J.E> Moser's Ground Hide Glue, and Old Brown Glue. The tight-fit joints needed to be tapped together. They didn't say that they clamped them The snug-fit joints needed only hand pressure, and the loose-fit joints had a small gap. They said they used ample glue.Incidentally, the hide glues were roughly 3/4 the strength of T-88 or the PVA glues (Titebond or Elmers, which were all close) and the polyurethane glue was distinctly weaker, and proved the most sensitive to the fit of the joint.I hope this eases some of your concern here. T-88 is a reasonably forgiving glue. And again, please supply references to back up the statement below if you can. Thanks!David PauleP.S. Inasmuch as these airplanes are certified as experimental, actually running a controlled experiment and reporting the results might be a fun thing for someone to do. > Airplanes have fallen apart in flight because too much > T-88 was squeezed out of the joint! > Dan Take a look at the Technical Data Sheet for T-88, which is information coming straight from the manufacturer of the product: http://www.systemthree.com/reslibrary/tds/T-88_TDS.pdf They go so far as to say that "clamping is not necessary if the joint is undisturbed during set-up of the adhesive". Minimal clamping, as Michael noted, would be prudent to ensure the joint is stable while curing. However, "lots of clamping pressure" is certainly not needed, and can lead to a weak joint due to excessive pressure starving the joint of epoxy. Ryan On Tue, Feb 23, 2010 at 11:14 AM, David Paule wrote: There was a test in "Fine Woodworking" a couple years back that included T-88 joints clamped tightly. Excellent results. David Paule________________________________________________________________________________Date: Tue, 23 Feb 2010 16:12:20 -0800 (PST)
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Pietenpol-List: Re: Sky Scout...

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: "David Paule"
Hi Ray, I think they've sold somewhere between 130 and 140 Waiex kits now. The best Ican tell, about 20 or so seem to be flying. Got the panel in over the weekend,then the 9 yr old and I went hunting "The Baron"... almost got Snoopy and thedoghouse in the process, but he saw Scotty waving and Snoop managed to get outthe way in time...LorinLorin, You make me feel better! I delayed starting the Scout to let my wife adjust a little, but now that it is started, I really enjoy it. I really enjoy the building; but flying the Waiex is a real hoot! It is always hard to decide which I want to do when the sun shines. How many Waiex's are out and how many flying now? They are really beautiful ships. Thanks, Ray Krause N51YX, Waiex, TD, Jab 3300 (1197), AeroCarb, Sensinich 54X62 wood prop, Dynon D-180, Garmin SL-30, 327, 296, 169 hrs. -----------Lorin MillerWaiex N81YXPietenpol next upRead this topic online here:http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.p ... __________
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Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: Sky Scout...

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: "ldmill"
A buddy of mine is building a Xenos... nice kit, and he says things line up really good.David Paule----- Original Message -----
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Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: "Dan Yocum"
Dan,Thanks for the link. I read it and followed its link to a full report, which says it wasn't T-88, it was a different glue; it contains this:-------------------------------TESTS AND RESEARCHThe USDA Forest Products Laboratory examined the left and right wing spar sections and their respective doublers. The examination of the wood spar composition revealed the cellular structure of the spars was consistent with that of Sitka Spruce, and the species that made up the plys of the plywood doublers were maple and yellow poplar. Chemical analysis of the adhesive bonds indicated Urea-formaldehyde was used for attaching the doubler plates.The examination of the left front upper spar revealed that the adhesive used on the plywood doubler did not cover the entire area being bonded to the spar. The Forest Products Laboratory report stated, "There was also very little penetration of the adhesive into the spar."The examination of the right front and rear upper spars revealed the compression and tension surfaces. The examination of the bond on the right upper rear spar doubler revealed the doubler was still bonded to the spar, but there was a lack of adhesive at the outer edges of the doubler plate. The lack of adhesive created a gap between the spar and the doubler.--------------------------------So this failure was not a T-88 failure due to excessive clamping pressure. It was a different glue and they apparently didn't use enough of it. Excessive glue could have been squeezed out. However, with a urea-formaldehyde type glue, my understanding is that it's pretty hard to get excessive glue pressure. I'd think that insufficient coverage rather than too much pressure would have been the cause due to that.One common urea-formaldehyde glue is Weldwood Plastic Resin. I looked up their data sheet, http://www.dap.com/docs/tech/00030201.pdf and it says this about pressure:"Once the glue is applied, pressure should be applied. Soft wood and machined hard woods can be glued at lowpressures (50 PSI). Rough cut parts require more pressure (175 to 300 PSI) for softwood and hardwoodrespectively. Sufficient adhesive should be applied so that some squeeze out of excess adhesive is visible atedges. Glue line thickness should be from 0.003 + 0.006 inch for best results."That's a lot of pressure! If that doesn't squeeze out "too much" glue, the whole concept of squeezing out too much glue is nothing but an urban myth.Dan, if you should decide to run some tests, I'd be glad to help out if I can.Thanks for the interesting link!David Paule----- Original Message -----
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Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: "airlion"
Absolutely! T-88 or any such glue requires a thin film be left between the wood layers. Just tighten enough to make sure you've squeezed out some around the edges so you know all the surfaces are covered.Resourcinal, Tightbond, yellow, white glues all requiresqueezing all excess glue out of the joint.Clif Not sure I agree with the below statement. T-88 states using minimal clamping pressure. The T-88 isn't hurt by using lots of clampping pressure, FYI, and the Resorcinol requires that. David Paule ----- Original Message -----
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Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv

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Original Posted By: Ryan Mueller
Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv
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Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: santiago morete
I checked the DAP site and found this data sheet what I think is for the betterproduct. I've used it to build my tail feathers and testing shows that the jointfails anywhere BUT the actual glue line. This is also the more water resistant/tolerantproduct than the water activated. Incidentally, I mix the stuffusing a beam balance scale my ex-wife got from the US Attorneys office aftera drug case was adjudicated. It still has the "Evidence" sticker on it. Oneof the few useful things I ever got from her.http://www.dap.com/docs/tech/00030205.pdfRead this topic online here:http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.p ... ______Date: Thu, 25 Feb 2010 17:25:51 -0800 (PST)
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Re: Pietenpol-List: Tailwheel & shimmy

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: "Ray Krause"
Isn't that going to change as the spring flexes? Especialyon landing?The one thing I could see happening is that, with the already negative "castor", The angle is going to get closer to thehorizontal with flexing and negate steering capability.The principle of differential springs here is paralleled withthe reason for offsetting the jury struts. Harmonic vibration.Clif "My soul is in the sky." ~ William Shakespeare This can be useful for those of us who design our own tailwheels. As far as I know, (not too far) the main cause of tailwheel shimmy is an incorrect castor angle. Saludos Santiago ________________________________________________________________________________
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> Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: "Gary Boothe"
> --> Pietenpol-List message posted> by: "Jerry Dotson" > > I am going to be laminating wood for landing gear, cabane> and lift struts in the next few days and would like to see> pictures of clamping jigs so I don't have to re-invent the> wheel. What glues did you use? I have Resorcinol, T-88, and> Titebond III. I am leaning toward the T-88 because of the> time it takes to get several strips of wood with glue spread> on them before clamping.> Thanks.> > --------> Jerry Dotson> 59 Daniel Johnson Rd> Baker, FL 32531> > Started building NX510JD July, 2009> Ribs and tailfeathers done> using Lycoming O-235> > > > > Read this topic online here:> > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.p ... 781#287781> > > > > > > > Email Forum -> FAQ,> - MATRONICS WEB FORUMS -> List Contribution Web Site -> -Matt> Dralle, List Admin.> > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
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> Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: Jim Markle
> --> Pietenpol-List message posted> by: "Jerry Dotson" >> I am going to be laminating wood for landing gear, cabane> and lift struts in the next few days and would like to see> pictures of clamping jigs so I don't have to re-invent the> wheel. What glues did you use? I have Resorcinol, T-88, and> Titebond III. I am leaning toward the T-88 because of the> time it takes to get several strips of wood with glue spread> on them before clamping.>- Thanks.>> --------> Jerry Dotson> 59 Daniel Johnson Rd> Baker, FL 32531>> Started building NX510JD July, 2009> Ribs and tailfeathers done> using Lycoming O-235>>> Read this topic online here:>> http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.p ... 781#287781>>> Email Forum -> FAQ,> - MATRONICS WEB FORUMS -> List Contribution Web Site -> -Matt> Dralle, List Admin.>>le, List Admin.________________________________________________________________________________Date: Tue, 23 Feb 2010 11:48:45 -0500 (EST)
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Re: Pietenpol-List: Sky Scout...

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: gboothe5(at)comcast.net
> --> Pietenpol-List message posted > by: "Jerry Dotson" > > I am going to be laminating wood for landing gear, cabane > and lift struts in the next few days and would like to see > pictures of clamping jigs so I don't have to re-invent the > wheel. What glues did you use? I have Resorcinol, T-88, and > Titebond III. I am leaning toward the T-88 because of the > time it takes to get several strips of wood with glue spread > on them before clamping. > Thanks. > > -------- > Jerry Dotson > 59 Daniel Johnson Rd > Baker, FL 32531 > > Started building NX510JD July, 2009 > Ribs and tailfeathers done > using Lycoming O-235 > > > > > Read this topic online here: > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.p ... 781#287781 > > > > > > > > Email Forum - > FAQ, > - MATRONICS WEB FORUMS - > List Contribution Web Site - > -Matt > Dralle, List Admin. > > >tronics.com/Navigator?Pietenpol-List" target=_blank>http://www.matronics.b nbsp; -Matt matronics.com/contribution" target=_blank>http://www.matronics.com/contri=============== ________________________________________________________________________________Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Sky Scout...
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> > Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: Dan Yocum
> > --> Pietenpol-List message posted> > by: "Jerry Dotson" > >> >> > I am going to be laminating wood for landing gear, cabane> > and lift struts in the next few days and would like to see> > pictures of clamping jigs so I don't have to re-invent the> > wheel. What glues did you use? I have Resorcinol, T-88, and> > Titebond III. I am leaning toward the T-88 because of the> > time it takes to get several strips of wood with glue spread> > on them before clamping.> > Thanks.> >> > --------> > Jerry Dotson> > 59 Daniel Johnson Rd> > Baker, FL 32531> >> > Started building NX510JD July, 2009> > Ribs and tailfeathers done> > using Lycoming O-235> >> >> >> >> > Read this topic online here:> >> > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.p ... 781#287781> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > Email Forum -> > FAQ,> > - MATRONICS WEB FORUMS -> > List Contribution Web Site -> > -Matt> > Dralle, List Admin.> >> >> >tronics.com/Navigator?Pietenpol-List"> target=_blank>http://www.matronics.b nbsp; -Matt> matronics.com/contribution" target=_blank>> http://www.matronics.com/contri===============>>> *>> href="http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Piet ... enpol-List> href="http://forums.matronics.com">http://forums.matronics.com> href="http://www.matronics.com/contribution"> ... nics.com/c*>> *>> *>>________________________________________________________________________________Date: Tue, 23 Feb 2010 15:51:45 -0600
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> Pietenpol-List: Re: laminating struts and tv

Post by matronics »

Original Posted By: "Gary Boothe"
> --> Pietenpol-List message posted > by: "Jerry Dotson" > > I am going to be laminating wood for landing gear, cabane > and lift struts in the next few days and would like to see > pictures of clamping jigs so I don't have to re-invent the > wheel. What glues did you use? I have Resorcinol, T-88, and > Titebond III. I am leaning toward the T-88 because of the > time it takes to get several strips of wood with glue spread > on them before clamping. > Thanks. > > -------- > Jerry Dotson > 59 Daniel Johnson Rd > Baker, FL 32531 > > Started building NX510JD July, 2009 > Ribs and tailfeathers done > using Lycoming O-235 > > > > > Read this topic online here: > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.p ... 781#287781 > > > > > > > > Email Forum - > FAQ, > - MATRONICS WEB FORUMS - > List Contribution Web Site - > -Matt > Dralle, List Admin. > > >tronics.com/Navigator?Pietenpol-List" target=_blank>http://www.matronics.b nbsp; -Matt matronics.com/contribution" target=_blank>http://www.matronics.com/contri=============== ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Checked by AVG - www.avg.com 02/22/10 11:34:00________________________________________________________________________________
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